Method and apparatus for mining and tunneling



J. F. JOY

Jan. 21, 1941.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MINING AND TUNNELING- Original Filed Dec. 22, 1934 10 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR. Fwy BY g.

ATTORNEY JIM M Jan. 21, 1941.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MINING AND TUNNELING J. F. JOY 2,229,086

Original Filed Deb. 22, 1934 10 Sheets-Sheet 2 ATTORNEY 10 Sheets-Sheet 3 I Jm Em m? J. F. JOY

INVENTOR.

ATTORNES} Original Filed Dec. 22, 1954 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MINING AND TUNNELING Jan. 21, 1941.

Jan. 21, 1941. JOY 2,229,086

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MINING AND 'wuuanme Original Filed Dec. 22, 1934 10 Sheets-SheetA BYW A TTORNEY Jan. 21, 1941. J. F. JOY 2,229,086

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MINING AND TUNNELING 0 Original Filed Dec. 22, 1934 1 Sheets-sheaf, 5

A. TTORNE Y g Q: 3 8 5 8H 03 Ill,"

t 3 mWIll-m J. F. JOY

Jan. 21, 1941.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MINING AND TUNNELING Original Filed Dec. 22, 1934 10 Sheets-Sheet 6 N E N N 83 INVENTOR.

ATTORNEY J. F. JOY

Jan. 21, 1941.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MINING AND TUNNELING 1C Sheets-Sheet; 7

Original Filed Dec. 22, 1934 INVFNTOR.

ATTOR "Y J. F. JOY

Jan. 21, 1941.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MINING AND TUNNELING Original Filed Dec. 22, 1934 10 Sheets-Sheet 8 IIIII INVENTOR. Joseya/aRJag. BY 4. )Z

' ATTORNEY Jan. 21, 1941. J. F. JOY 2,229,086

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MINING AND 'IfUNNELING Original Filed Dec. 22, 1934 10 Sheets-Sheet 9 I i I E i;

12 Fig. 28. J

The a w v I u ATTORNEY v Jan. 21, 1941. J. F. JOY 2,229,086

mmnon AND APPARATUS FOR MINING AND TUNNELING Original F iled Dec. 22, 1954 10 Sheets-Sheet 10 INVN TOR.

' ATTORNEY Fig..-16is an enlarged cross-sectional view. takers on linezit-lt of Fig. 14.

Fig.,. 17 is a diagrammatic view showing the improved hydraulic system;

Fig. 18 is a sectional view. showing the by-pass; controiiavalves.

sigma is a detail sectional view taken. on line 20'; 24 is a cross sectional view taken. substantialiy'on line 24 --2|.-of'Fig. 23.

Fig. 25 is a detail! View showingthez'rotating head lock.

Fig. 26 is adetaii sectional view taken on line 2i-28 'of Fig. 25. 2

Fig. 2'7 is a diagrammatic view showing the tunnel saw incufltlng position during the formation of the pilot hole in accordance with one method.

Fig. 28 is a diagrammatic view showing the improved turnnel saw in position within the pilot hole during the formation of .the main tunnel bore in accordance with the method of Fig. 27.

Fig. 29 is a diagrammatic view similar to Fig. 28 showing the tunnel saw in position to effect one method of sumping the saw blade.

Fig. 30is a diagrammatic cross sectional view of the pilot bore showing the tunnel saw in operating position therein.

Fig. a: is a diagrammatic cross sectional view showing the operation of the tunnel saw during. the formation of the main tunnel bore.

Fig. 32 is a diagrammatic view similar to Fig. 28 showing a different tunneling method for forming the tunnel bore. Y

Figs. 33 and 34 are diagrammatic views similar to Figs. 2'! and28 showing still another-tunneling indshod.

Theinventloninitsdifferent aspectsis capable of embodiment is varlom forms. and I have hereinshownitincorporaminmitoidinchisive, monsformoftmmelsawandun Figs. l'lto 26,, inc. different fosmof tunnel saw; it being understood. however. that fromits apparatus aspact it is not limited to tunnel sawing instrumentalities.

In the illustrative embodiment of the invention disclosedinl'lgs. 1 to 16,inclusive. thereisshown generally in Figs. 1 and 2,- a tunnel saw generally designated I having a pilot bore forming cutter 2 supported by an adjustable supporting structure generally designated I mounted on a rotatable Shown in Fig. 14 isamai'ntunnel bore.

head 4. forming cutter I supported by adjustable supporting'structure generally designated I of an extensible character. onthe rotatablehead 4, the cutters 2 and i and their respective supporting structures 2 and 0 being interchangeable to effeet the different bore forming operations in a manner to be later described. The rotatable head 4, on which the structures 2 and 8 may be interchangeably mounted, is journaledfor rotatio'n about a horizontal axis extending longitudinally of the tunnel saw, and is provided with an elongated tubular bearing sleeve 2 'iournaled within the swlnllble supp rt ll.

in-. bearings 2, 9 supportediwithin a cylindrical bearing; support Ilia secumdi to the upper frame- I The truck body of the; tunneh saw is of"elongateit and. extremely heavyof" a. truck body It.

form; to provide; stabilitm, is mounted on trunk. wheels I23, I22 to; run along. a trackway l3.

Now referring more: to the pilot bore forming cutter: Z amt its supporting strucime: 3 known as; the short hum it will be noted that. the rotatable headlli overhangs the forward end; of the truckbodyand. haamtegral forwardly protecting parallel frame patios: ll, H in which. are supported the endszof a transverse pivot shaft l5 arranged with its: axis lying in a vertical plane perpendicular to the head axis. Pivotally mounted on this pivot shaft is an elongated arm or boom I6 which has secured at its outer extremity a bifurcated or yoke-shaped frame. l'l. Swingably mounted between the furcatcd arms of this yoke-shaped frame is a support it on which the cutter 2 is pivotally mounted for swinging movement about a transverse axis perpendicular to the axis of the swinging support I! and parallel with the boom pivot axis. The out ter 2 is in the form of an elongated plane cutter bar or saw blade [9 having mounted thereon, for circulation about its margin, an endless cutter or saw chain 20. Mounted on the boom It, at

the rearward portion thereof in advance of the pivot shaft I5, is a motor 2|, herein preferably of the reversible electric type, having its casing 22 supported by and secured to the boom frame. The power shaft 23 of this motor is arranged with its axis extending longitudinally of the boom at right angles to the pivot shaft axis. The driving connections between the motor power shaft 23 and the saw chain comprise a shaft 2| connected by a flexible coupling 28 to the motor power shaft and suitably iournaled within the boom frame. This shaft 24 is splined at 22 throughout a major portion of its length and is connected by a coupling 21 to an alined shaft 22, the coupling 21 being herein of tubular form within which the splined shaft 26 is adapted therein the bevel gears 22 and II, and is provided-with bearing supports on which thesebevol gears are iournaled. Herein formed integral with the shaft 22 is a bevel gear 24 meshing with abcvelgearllarrangedinachamberliformed This gear is connected by a friction slip clutch ll of the multiple disc type to a shaft 22, the clutch ll bein: set at a predetermined pressure to slip upon overloading of the saw chain, thereby to prevail: iniurytothedrlving-parts. The shaft 22 is suitably iournaled within the swingable support II and is arranged with its axis coincident with the axis of swinging movement of the saw blade, and has fixed thereto a chain sprocket 22 engaging and drivingthe saw chain 22. As above referred to, the saw blade I! is mounted on the swingable support II for swinging movement with v respect thereto, and the pivotal mounting for the saw blade comprisesablade hanger 4| having a circular bearing support I mounted on the flange periphery that the saw blade may be locked in either a forwardly projecting or rearwardly projecting position'with its. major axis ,lying' in a vertical plane'includingthe longitudinal axis ofthe boom, or in right angle ose tions at either side of the boom.

The means for swinging thev boom about its pivot with respect to the rotatable head 4 and for swinging the saw blade support I8 about its pivot with respect to the boom will now bedescribed.

-As shown in Fig. 6, mounted on ali ned pivot pins 50, supported .within the parallel frame portions I4, l4 of the rotatable head 4, at opposite sides of the-boom, is a pair of hydraulic rams 5|, 5|, the pivot pins 50 being arranged .with their axes'parallel with the axis of the hinge pin I5 so that the hydraulic rams may swing in the same planes as the boom. These hydraulic rams each comprise, as shown in Fig. 11, a cylinder 52 containing a reciprocable piston 53 having a.v piston rod 54 projecting forwardly through the packed front head 55 of the cylinder and pivotally connected by a hinge pin 56, supported within projecting lugs 51 integral withthe boom frame,

to the outer extremity of. the boom frame. The means for swinging the saw blade support l8 with respect to the boom frame I1 comprises a hydraulic ram having a cylinder 6| suitably fixed to the boom frame and containing a reciprocable piston 62. This piston has, a rearwardly extending piston rod 63 projecting through the packed rear head 64 of the cylinder and secured at 65 to a cross member 66. Pivotally connected at 61 to the ends of this cross member is a pair of parallel links 66 extending along the sides of the cylinder SI and pivotally connected at 69 attheir outer ends, to a projecting lug 69a integral with the swingable support It. It will thus be seen that when hydraulic pressure is supplied to the hydraulic rams 5|, 5|,

the boom structure 9 may be swungifelative to the rotatable head 4 through a relatively wide range of adjustment from a longitudinal position to a position at -right angles with respect tothe head axis, and when hydraulic pressure is supplied to the ram 60, thesaw blade support I8 may be swung through a relatively wide range with respect to the boom to move the saw blade through a relatively wide angle about the support pivot from a position extending lengthwise of the boom 4 to a right angle position. By locking the hydraulic pressure withinrthese rams, the parts may be maintained in their adjusted positions.

The mechanism for rotating the head 4 relative to the truck body to move the cutter support and adjusting structure into different positions about the head axis comprises apair of hydraulic cylinders 10, 10 each containing a reciprocable piston 1|. These cylinders are mounted within the truck body .and arranged in parallel relation on axes extending longitudinally of the truck body and spaced equi-distantiy from the longitudinal vertical center ofthe truck body. These cylinders are provided with a front head plate 12, to which they arevwelded, and the pistons 1| have rearwardly extending piston rods 13, 13 projecting through the packed rear heads 14 of the cylinders. Secured to the rear ends of .the piston rods 13 are brackets 15 each having journaled thereon a cable guiding pulley ,16, while journaled on brackets 11 secured to the front head ,7 plate 12 are cable guiding pulleys 16. A pair of cables 19, 19 are connected'to pin-like projections or abutments 80, (Fig. 7) secured to the rotatable head 4. The ends of .these cables extend outwardly from their connections with the head through openings in the head frame and extend in opposite directions around an annular guiding groove 62 formed on the head periphery, the 'cables passing from" this guiding groove around the front guide pulleys 18 and extending rearwardly along the sides of the cylinders 10,10

to the guide pulleys 16, 16. The cables pass around these guide pulleys 16 and extend forwardly along the cylinders to a point of connection at 83 with the frame of the truck body. The cables are connected to the truck body frame each by a wedge block 84 (Fig. 9) mounted front plate 12, the cable extending through openings 81 formed in this plate. It will thus be seen that when hydraulicpre'ssure is supplied to one or the other of thecylinders 10,10, the head 4 may be rotatedin" one direction or the other;

through the cable and pulley connections, above described. The hydraulic pressure locked within these cylinders maintains the headin'its adjusted position.

Thepropelling means forthe apparatus for driving the truck wheels through a widerange or within a socket 95 in a block 86 secured to the I speeds comprises as shown in Figs. 6 and 13, a

pair of hydraulic, variable speed motors 90, 90 herein of the intermeshing gear type, each comprising a gear housing 9| containing .intermeshing rotor gears'92.' One of the rotor gears of each motor is fixed to a shaft 93 connected by a coupling 94 to a shaft 95 suitably joumaled within a gear housing 96 suitably secured to the truck body. Fixed on each of the shafts 95 is a worm 91 meshing with a worm wheel 99, these worm wheels being fixed respectively to the front ,and rear truck wheel axles 99. It will thus be wheels may be driven to propel the apparatus in the reverse direction. Formed on the hubs of the truck wheels, at opposite sides of the truck, is'a drum flange I00 about which a cable-maybe coiled or snubbed, and the free end ofthis cable may be connected to a suitable anchor 'so that the cable and drum may, at times, supplement the truck wheel drive. Carried within the truck body is a motor I0l, similar to the motor 2| on the boom structure, having its powershai'i; I02 connected to an oil pump I03, herein preferably of the intermeshing gear type, arranged in a tank I04 which forms anoil reservoir. The pump I03 is adapted topump oil under hlghpressure from the reservoir to the various hydraulic devices of the apparatus, as hereinafter described. ,Mounted on the rearward end of he truck body is a cable reel I06 on which is wo d an electrical conduct'or cable I01 through whichelectrical energy" may be conducted, under the control of suitable electrical. controlling apparatus, to the electric motors 2I and NI. This cable, reel is driven by a hydraulic motor I08, herein likewise of the intermeshing, gear type, having one of its rotor shafts driving: a pulley I08 connected by a belt IIO to a pulley I I I; secured to the reel shaft.

Hydraulicjack devices are provided for jacking the tunnel saw in position on the track'way during the main tunnel bore sawing operation and comprise, as shown in Fig. 12, a pair of vertical hydraulic jacks -I I2, I12 mounted in parallel relation on a horizontal plate N3 of the truck body at the opposite sides of the latter and each containing a piston II4. Each piston is provided with an upwardly extending piston rod 8 projecting through the packed upper head 8 of'the jack cylinder and each piston rod is provided with a socket II! for receiving a jack pipe H8. It will thus be seen that when hydraulic pressure is supplied to the jack cylinders below the pistons I H, the jack pipes may be moved upwardly into engagement with the roof of the pilot bore to jack the apparatus in position on the track rails. During this jacking operation, the truck wheels may be locked against rotation by trapping the g the main tunnel bore. When the extensible supporting structure 8 is employed, the boom frame I1 is detached from the outer extremity of the boom, and secured in its place is a bearing frame I20 supporting a bearing sleeve I2-I. Telescopica'lly arranged within,the boom I8 is a tubular frame portion I22 of an extension head I33. Secured to the outer extremity of this extension head I23 is the frame II on which the saw blade support I8 is swingably mounted, the frame I1 being formed for connection with either the outer extremity of the boom frame I8 or the extension frame I23. The short tubular coupling 21 is detached from its connection with the shafts 24, 28 and has substituted therefor an elongated tubular coupling member I24 for connecting the shaft 24 with the shaft 28 when the extension frame is employed. The tubular frame I22 telescopes within the boom frame I8 and is adjustable axial ly with respect thereto to vary the eflective length of the boom, and the splined telescopic connection between the shaft 28 and the coupling I24 enables the driving relation between the shafts 28 and 28 to be maintained irrespective of the adjusted position of the extension frame I22. The

means foradjusting the extension frame longitudinal-ly with respect to the boom frame I8 comprises a pair of hydraulic rams I28, I28 mounted on the opposite sides of the boomframe I8 and each comprising a cylinder I21 containing a piston I28. The pistons have forwardly extending piston rods I28 projecting through the front packed heads I38 of the cylinders, and the forward extremities of these rods are pivotally connected at I3I within projecting lugs I32 integral with the frame extension I23. 'Ihe'tubular frame I22 is splined at I33 within the boom frame I8 to prevent rotation of the frame I22 with respect to the boom frame. When hydraulic pressure is supplied to the hydraulic rams, the extension frame may be moved axially inwardly or outwardly with respect to the boom frame I8, thereby to vary the effective length of the boom structure on which the cutter saw blade support I8 is swingably mounted.

The hydraulic system for the various hydraus lically operated mechanisms of the tunnel saw will now be described. As above pointed out, the motor driven pump I03 is adapted to supply hydraulic pressure from the reservoir I04 to the various hydraulic mechanisms, and arranged at the operator's station near the front end of the machine is a valve box I 38 containing control valves for controlling the hydraulic rains 8| and 80, the head rotating cylinders I0 and the anchor jack cylinders H2 and extension cylinders I28.

Located near the valve box I35 is a valve box I38 containing valves for controlling the flow of hydraulic pressure to the oil motors and I08, while arranged in a valve box I31 are by-pass valves for regulating the hydraulic pressure. As shown diagrammatically in Fig. 17, leading from the discharge side of the oil pump I03 to the valve box I31 are supply conduits I 38 and I38, while leading from the valve box I3! is a conduit I40 through which hydraulic pressure is supplied to the various hydraulic mechanisms. A return conduit I4I connects the valve box I31 with the oil tank. As shownin Fig. 18, the conduit I38 is connected to the supply conduit I40. by a passage I42 in the valve casing, while the conduit I38 communicates with a passage I43 communicable through a passage I44 with the passage I 42 and through a passage I48 with a chamber I48 with which the return conduit III communicates. The passages I44 and I48 are controlled by end seating valves I41 and I48 respectively, having a suitable operating lever I48. When the lever I48 is swung into the position shown, both the pressure supply conduits I38 and I38 communicate with the supply conduit I40 while the passage I48 is closed. When thelever I48 is swung into its opposite position. the passage I44 is closed by the valve 141 while the passage I48 is open so that the conduit I38 communicates with the supply conduit I40 and the conduit I38 is connected through the passage I48 and chamber I48 with the return conduit Ill. The supply conduit I48 is connected by a conduit I80 controlled by a valve Ill and communicating through a passage I82 (see Fig. 3) formed in the saw blade hanger 40, and this passage in turn is connected through a longitudinal duct I83 in the saw blade I! through which high pressure oil is conducted to the guides for the saw chain to lubricate the latter and also to'the slot cut by the saw chain to lubricate the cuttings, thereby to facilitate the cutting function. The conduit I48 leads from the valve box I31 to the valve box'I38 and is connected by a supply, conduit I84 to the valve box I38. The casing of the valve box I38 is formed with a plurality of vertical bores, herein five in number, respectively having arranged therein control valves I88, I88, I81, I88 and I88 each provided with an actuating handle. These valves are provided with upper annular channels I 88, "I, I82, I83 and I84, respectively, all communieating with an upper exhaust chamber I88 in the valve casing connected by a conduit I88 to a return conduit I81 leading backto the oil tank. The supply conduit I48 communicates with a pressure supply passage .I88 connecting the lower I 2,229,086 ends of the valve bores together. The bore for the valve I55, which is herein the jack control valve, is connected by a conduit I59 and branched conduits I19 and HI to the lower ends of the anchor jack cylinders II2, the upper ends of these anchor jack cylinders being connected by branched conduits I12 and I13 to a conduit I14 likewise leading to the bore for the valve I55. The bore for the valve I56, which is herein the lift cylinder control valve, is connected by a conduit I15 to branched conduits -I19 and I11 communicating with the forward ends of the lifting ram cylinders 51, while the rear-ends of these lifting ram cylinders are connected through 'branched'conduits I18 and I19 to a conduit I89 likewise communicating with the bore of the valve I56. The bore of the valve I51, which is herein the extension cylinder control valve, is connected through a conduit I9I through branched conduits I82, I93v to the forward ends of the extension cylinders I29, the rear ends of these cylinders being connected through branched conduits ;I84, I85 with a conduit I99 likewise communicating with the bore of the valve I51. The bore of the valve I59, which herein is the saw blade tilting cylinder control valve, is connected through aconduit I91, to the forward end of the tilt cylinder 69, the'rear end of the tilt'rcylinder being connected by a conduit I99 likewise with the bore of the valve I59. The bore of the valve I59, which herein is the head rotating cylinder control valve, is connected by a conduit I99with the forward end of one of the swing cylinders 19 and through'a conduit I99.

thus be seen that the controlvalves I55, I59, I51, 7 I59 and I59 may be operated to supply pressure.

fluid to or exhaust fluidirom the anchor Jacks, the boom lift rams, the boom extension cylinders the saw blade support tilt cylinder and thehead rotating cylinders.

As above pointed out, the valve box I99 is con nected through a conduit I54 to the pressures!!!)- ply conduit I49. This valve box is connected by a return conduit I93 to the return conduit- I91.

The valve box I39 is provided with a lower chamber I94 and an upper chamber 195; and these chambers communicate with vertical valve bores containing control valves I99 and I91, the valve I99 constituting a reverse valve, and the valve I91 constituting the control valve for the. oil motors 99 and I99. The valves I99 and I91 are formed .at their upper ends with annular channels I99.

and I=99, respectively, communicating with the upper chamber I95. The supply conduit I54 is communicable with the lower chamber I94, while the return conduit I99 is communicable with the upper chamber I95. The bore for the valve I91 is connected through conduits 299 and 299' with one of the oil motors 99 and through conduits 29I and 292 with the otherof the oil motors 99. The conduits 299 and 299' are connected through a conduit 293 to the intake chamber of the oil motor I99, the discharge chamber of this motor being connected by a return conduit 294 to the oil tank. The valve I91 has formed on its periphery threelongitudinal slots 295, 299 and 291 while longitudinal grooves'299, 299 and 2" on the valve periphery connect the upper chamber I95 with an annular chamber with which the conduit I 99 communicates. The body of valve I91 is traversed by. an angular passage 2. The reverse valve I96 has formed on. its periphery a pair of longitudinal grooves 2I2 and 213 and when the valve I99 is in the position shown in Fig. 17, pressure fluid may flow from the supply conduit I54 through the groove 2I2 to the lower chamber I94,.while theggroove 2I3 connects the upper chamber I95 with the return conduit I99. Thus, at thatv time, the upper chamber I95 is an exhaust chamber, while the chamber I94 is a supply chamber.

the reverse valve I99 is moved into its opposite position, pressure fluid is supplied from the conduit I54 to the .upper chamber I95. while the lower chamber I94 is connected to the return conduit I99. It wfll be evident that when the valve I91 is in the position shown in Fig. 1'1, the

motors 99, 99 operate in parallel. When the motor control valve I91 is turned into a position wherelnthe angular passage 2" connects the conduit 2 9i with the conduit 299", pressure fluid may flow through groove 299 on the valve and through conduit 299 to the inlet of one of the motors 99, while the exhaust from this motor flows through conduit 299 through the angular passage 2=I:I in the valve and through conduit 29I to the inlet of .the other motor 99, the discharge communicating with the lower chamber I94,

from this latter motor passing through the conduit 292 and groove M9 in the valve communiseen that at this time the motors 99, 99- operate in sei'ies, the discharge from one flowing to the intake of the other. By changing the position of the control valve the supply of pressure fluid to the motors 99 may be varied, and as a result the motor speed maybe varied through a wide range. Further, by suitable manipulation of the reverse valve I99 the direction of rotation of the motors 99, 99 may be reversed at will. when tlie motors 99, 99 operate in a direction to propel. the apparatuain a rearward direction along the trackway pressure fluid flows through conduit 299 to the intake or the reel driving motor we so that as the apparatus moves 'rearwardly along the mine trackway, the reel I99 is driven to wind in the conductor cable I91. when, the motors 99, 99

are operated in a direction to propel the apparamcating with the exhaust chamber. It will thus be return conduit 299' so that the conductor cable may freelyunwind from the cable reel.- In any iturntab1e22l. As shown in Fig. 23, thetumtable ii'rame hassa'fdepending column or post 222 Jour- .,naled in bearing sleeves 223 .carried by a'cylindrical bearing support withintthetruck body f224. 5 This turntable 22| on which the head 4 is mounted is provided for swinging the cutter supporting 'structure,-"generally designated 225, in -a hori- ,.zontal direction with respect to the truck'fbody. .Pivotally mounted at 226 on the head is aiboom 221lhaving swinging mechanism in the form of hydraulic-rams 228 similar to those .described above for swinging the boom structure 3. In this embodiment of the invention, there is rotatably mounted within the boom 221 for rotation about the longitudinal axis of the boom, a boom extension or head 223 which carries the frame l1 on which the saw blade support 18 is swingably mounted. Carried by this rotatable boom extension 229 is the hydraulic ram 60 for swinging the 20 saw blade support l8 with respect to the boom extension. The means for rotating the boom extension 229 about the longitudinal axis of the boom 221 comprises a pair of hydraulic cylinders 230, 230, each containing a reciprocable piston having a rearwardly projecting piston rod 23l. Each of these piston rods carries a bracket 232 on which is journaled a guide pulley 2332 Passing over both of these pulleys 233, 233 is a cable 234 anchored at each end to the boom 221, the

cable passing from the pulleys 233 around pulleys 235 Journaled on the forward heads of the cylinders 230 and having its' intermediate portion making several turns around and at its middle anchored'to a drum 236 which is fixedly secured f to' the rotatable boom extension or head 229.

Suitable valve means, similar to those above described, is provided for controlling the supply of pressure to and the exhaust from the cylinders 230 to effect reciprocation of the pistons, thereby 40 to rotate the drum 236, together with the boom extension head 229, with respect to theboom 221. The means for rotating the head 4 and the tumtable 221 about their respective axes comprises the horizontal swing cylinders 10, 10 mounted 5 within the truck body. Rotatably mounted in coaxial relation with the turntable is acable drum or large sheave 240, while journaled on an axis parallel with the axis of the drum 240 at the rear of the latter is a guide pulley 24 I J ournaled on the turntable frame near the head-4 is a pair of angularly disposed guide pulleys 242, 242. A pair of cables 243, 243 are fixed at one end-to the truck body, and these cables pass 'around the guide pulleys 16, 16 and then extend rearwardly 'around the oppositesides of the guidepulley 241, the 'cables crossing after they leave this guide pulley and passing around the opposite sides of the drum or sheave 240. The cables extend from the drum 240 around the guide pulleys 242,242

so and then wrap around the cable groove 82 on the head 4, the cables being secured at this end in the manner shown in Fig.7. The means for locking the head 4 against rotation during turntable rotation comprises a locking pin 245 guided with- 565 in a bracket 246 mounted in the turntable frame and having an operating lever 241.. This locking pin is adapted to project within locking recesses 248 formed in the head frame so that when one of these locking. recesses registers with the pin,

70 the pin maybe slid inwardly within the recess to lock the head against'rotation. The turntable 22l is provided with a similar locking pin 249 guided on the truck body and having an operating lever 250 so that the turntable may be locked '75 against rotation during head rotation. From the laaaaoao foregoing, it will be evident that when hydraulic pressure is supplied to the cylinders 10, 10, the turntable and head may be selectively rotated about their respective axes in either of opposite directions, depending upon which cylinder is operated. Otherwise this term of the invention is the same as that above described.

Various methods in which the improved tunnel saw may be operated will now be described. As shown in Fig. 2'1, the tunnel saw is in operating position within the pilot bore A with the pilot bore cutter adjusting means 3 mounted on the rotatable'head 4, and this short boom structure is revolved about the axis of the head 4 to rotate the cutter in a circular path to cut out a circular slot, thereby to form the pilot bore, the cutter sawing out, with such circular sawing motion, a cylindrical core which is removed in any suitable manner, as by drilling and blasting, after the circular sawing cut is completed. Fig. 30 clearly shows the tunnel saw in its pilot bore cutting position. During the cutting of the pilot bore in the manner shown in Figs. 2'1 and 30, the tunnel saw operates along the trackway in a forward direction, and when the pilot bore has been cutto the desireddepth, the machine is backed out of the pilot bore and then suitably turned end, for end On the trackway and the relatively long extensible boom structure 6 substituted for the short boom structure 3. When the tunnel saw is in the position shown in Figs. 28 and 31, the boomis swung at right angles with respect to the head axis and the saw blade swung into a rearward position with its major axis extending parallel with the saw body. The machine is then propelled rearwardly along the trackway to sump the saw blade, by an endwise fee-ding movement, into the material to be cut. After the sumping operation has been completed, the head 4 is rotated to move the saw blade in a circular path to cut out the main tunnel bore B, as shown in Fig. 31. In certain instances, the cutteris operated in a circular path from one side of the tunnel to the other, leaving a flat bottom C, as shown in Fig. 31, and the core thus formed by the cutter is removed in a suitable manner, as by drilling and blasting. i'If desired, however, the saw blade maybe moved in a complete circular path to form an annular core in accordance with the method shown in Fig. 32. As shown, the core thus formed may be blocked up, as by suitable wedge blocks 260, and after the annular I core has been formed it is suitably shot down,

support I8 with respectito. the boom. it =w1ll-thus be seen that purely bysswinging andretractive movements of theboomzand swingingmovement of the saw blade supportthe cutter :may be .sumped in. In accordance with-the tunnel'forming method shown inTiFigs. 33 and 34,?the tunnel saw'is not turned aroun'li on the itrackway after the pilot bore has been :completed, .the saw, in accordance with thissmethod. operatingin a forward direction to form .the ,pilot ibore'A, and

after i the completiomof ithe pllot'fbore, operating in vthe -reverse direction .to1iormthe nnain tunnel bore For operating Lin accordance :with the method shown in Fig. 31, the tunnel saw is pro-' vided with a modified form of mounting, as shown in Figs. 20 to 26, inclusive. The saw blade may be operated in a circular path to form the curved sides of the tunnel and after the completion of the circular sawing motion, the turntable 22l may be rotated with respect to the truck body to swing the saw blade horizontally in a plane 'path to cut the plane bottom C of the tunnel bore. Also by the use of the mechanism shown in the modified form of construction, the saw blade may be swung vertically in its plane to form the plane side of a rectangular pilot bore by rotating the extension boom 229 relative to the boom 221 to position the saw blade in a vertical plane. It will thus be evident that in this modifled form of the construction the saw blade may be swung either horizontally and vertically in plane paths as well as in an arcuate path. It will be evident that during any of the sawing methods above described, the tunnel saw may be propelled .along the trackway at any desired speed under the controlof the hydraulic truck wheel driving motors, and the truck wheels'may be locked against rotation by trapping the oil within these motors. During the circular sawing motion of the saw blade, the body of the tunnel saw is jacked in position against the roof of the pilot bore A by the hydraulic jacks I i2, "2. By operating the various hydraulic devices, the head 4 may be rotated, the boom swung with respect to the head and the saw blade support swung' with respect to. the boom, and by trapping the oil. in the hydraulic adjusting motors, the parts may be positively locked in position. These and other manners of use andadvantages 0! the improved tunnel saw will be clearly apparent to those skilled in the art. It will be noted further that in the forms of apparatus in which the outer end of' the boom is-rotatable the plane oi the cutter bar or saw blade can be brought into a position at right angles to the primary axis of,

boom swing, and accordingly that horizontal, shearing and inclined kerfs in advance of the machine may be cut in accordance with well known methods. These need not be described in detail since they will'be clearly apparent to those skilled in the kerf-cutting art.

While I have in this application specifically described two forms which my invention may assume in practice, it will be understood that thue forms of the same are shown for purposes I axis relative to said head into a position at right angles to the head axis, a cutter, a support for said cutter pivotally mounted on the outer extremity 01- said boom structure to swing relative thereto about an axis parallel with the pivotal axis of said boom structure, devices for extending and retracting said boom structure to move said cutter from and toward the head axis, and devicesior swinging said boom structure'and said cutter support about their respective pivotal axes.

2. In a kerf-cutting apparatus, a portable body, a head mounted on said body to rotate about a horizontal axis extending longitudinally or the body, an extensible boom structure pivotally mounted onsaid head to swing relative thereto, said boom structure swingable about its pivotal axis relative to said head into a position at right angles to the head axis, a cutter, a sup- I port for said cutter pivotally mounted on the outer extremity of said boom structure to swing relative thereto about an axis parallel with the pivotal axis of said boom structure, hydraulic devices Ior extending and retracting said boom structure to move said cutter from and toward the head axis, and hydraulic devices for swinging said boom structure and said cutter support about their respective pivotal axes, said cutter. support swinging devices including a hydraulic cylinder-mounted on said boom structure and containing a reciprocable piston pivotally connected to said cutter support. e

3. In a tunneling apparatus, a portable base, a cutter, and extensible supporting meansior said cutter mounted on said base to turn about a horizontal axis extending longitudinally of said base for adjusting and moving said cutter to cut with a circular cutting motion concentric tunnel bores or different diameters, said extensible supporting means comprising a'rotatable head and a cutter supporting boom swingably mounted on said head and shortenable and extensible as. to

length for supporting said cutter for movement into diflerent cutting positions toward and from the head axis.

4. In a kerf-cutting a paratus, a portable base. a head rotatably mounted on said base for rotation relative thereto about a horizontal axis,

a boom pivotally mounted on said head to swing relative thereto, a second head mounted on said boom for rotation about the longitudinal axis of said boom, and a cutter carried by said second head.

5. In a kerf-cutting apparatus, a portable base, a head rotatably mounted on said base for rotation relative thereto about a horizontal axis, v a boom pivotally mounted on said head to swing relative thereto, a second head mounted on said boom for rotation about the longitudinal axis of said boom, a cutter support, pivotally. mounted on said second head to swing relative thereto, and a cutter pivotally mounted on said swingable cutter support to swing relative thereto.

6. In a kert-cutting apparatus, a portable base, a head rotatably mountedon said base for rotation relative thereto about a horizontal axis, a boom pivotally mounted on said head toswing relative thereto, a'second head mounted on'said boom ior rotation about thelongltudinal axis of said boom, a cutter support pivotally mounted on said second head to swing relative thereto. and

' a cutter pivotally mounted on said swingable cutter support to swing 'relative'thereto, said swingable cutter support being swingable aboutan axis at rightangles' to the axis of rotation 01 said second head, and said cutter being 'swingable about an axis at right angles. to the pivotal axis of said swingable cutter support, 7

7. In a tunnelingapparatus, a portable base,- rotary cuttingmeanstor cutting with a circular cutting motion tunnel boreso! diiierent diam-' eters and comprising a cutter disposedin parallelism with the path 0! movement of said base with its iorward end located re'arwardly oi the forward end of said base, said cutter comprising'acutterbarhavlngmountedonitsmargin an endlesscutterchain, and an adjustable suphorizontal axis extending longitudinally of said base for adjusting the cutter into difierent cutting positions toward and from said longitudinal axis and for moving the cutter in a circular path about said longitudinal axis including an arm pivotally mounted to swing about an axis lyingin a vertical plane extending transversely of said base and shortenable and extensible as to length for moving said cutter toward and from said longitudinal axis, and means for rotating said arm about said longitudinal axis and for extending said arm.

8. In a kerf-cutting apparatus, a portable base, a support mounted on said base for rotation relative thereto about a horizontal axis extending longitudinally of said base, .an extensible arm pivotally mounted on said support to swing relativethereto about an axis at right angles to said support axis, said arm comprising telescopically arranged inner and outer arm portions, means for extending the outer arm portion relative to said inner arm portion to vary the length of said arm, and a cutter carried at the axially relative to said inner arm portion to vary the length of said arm, a cutter support pivotally mounted onthe outer extremity of said arm to swing relative thereto about an axis parallel with the arm pivot axis; a cutter carried by said cutter support, means for swinging said arm relative to said rotatable support, and means for swinging said cutter support relative to said arm.

10. In a kerf-cutting apparatus, a portable base, a support mounted on said base for rotation relative thereto about a horizontal axis extending longitudinally of said base, an arm pivotally mounted on said support to swing relative thereto about an axis at right angles to the support axis, a head mounted on the outer extremity of said arm for rotation about the longitudinal axis of said arm, and a cutter carried by said rotatable head; V

11. In a kerf-cutting apparatus, aportable base, a support mounted on said base for rotation relative thereto about a horizontal axis extending longitudinally of said base, an'arm pivotally mounted on said rotatable support to swing relative I thereto about an axis at right angles to the support axis, a head mounted on the outer extremity of said arm for rotation :about the longitudinal axis of said arm; a cutter support pivotally mounted on said rotatable head on an axis at right 'angles to the axis of head rotation, and a cutter carried bysaid cutter support;

12. In a kerf-cutting apparatus, a portable' base, a horizontal turntable on said base, a support mounted on said turntable for rotation about a horizontal axis at right angles to the axis of turntable rotation, an arm pivotally mounted on said rotatable support to swing about an axis at right angles to said support axis, a cutter head porting means for said cutter rotatable about a base, a horizontal turntable on said base, a support mounted on said turntable for rotation about a horizontal axis at right angles to the axis of turntable rotation, an arm pivotally mounted on said rotatable support to swing relative thereto about an axis at right angles to the support axis, a cutter head mounted on the outer extremity of said arm for rotation about the iongitudinal axis of said arm, a cutter support pivotally moiunted on said rotatable head on an axis at right angles to the axis of head rotation, and a cutter carried by said cutter support.

14. In a kerf-cutting apparatus, a portable base, a support mounted on said base for 'rotation about a horizontal axis extendinglongitudinally of said base, an arm pivotally mounted on said support to swing relative thereto about an axis at right angles to the support axis, a cutter head mounted on the outer-extremity of said arm for rotation about the longitudinal axis of said arm, and a cutter pivotally mountedon said cutter head to swing relative thereto about an axis at right angles to the axis of head rotation.

15. In a kerf-cutting apparatus, a portable base, a support mounted on said base for rotation about a horizontal axis extending longitudinally of said base, an arm pivotally mounted on said support to swing relative thereto about an axis at right angles to the support axis, a cutter head mounted onthe outer extremity of said arm for rotation about the longitudinal axis of said arm, a cutter support pivotally mounted on said rotatable head on an axis at right angles to the axis of head rotation, and a cutter pivotally mounted on said cutter support to swing relative thereto about an axis at right angles to the cutter support axis.

16. In a kerf-cutting apparatus, a portable base, a horizontal turntable on said base, a support mounted on said turntable for rotation about a horizontal axis at right angles to the axis of turntable rotation, an arm pivotally mounted on said rotatable supportior swinging movement on an axis at right angles to the support 'axis, a cutter head mounted on the outer-extremity of said arm for rotation about the longitudinal axis of said arm, and a cutter pivotally mounted on said cutter head to swing relative thereto about an axis at right angles to the axis of head rotation.

17. In a kerf-cutting apparatus, agportable base, a-horizontal turntable on said base, a support mounted on said turntable for rotation about a horizontal axis at right angles to the axis of turntable rotation, an arm pivotally mounted on said rotatable support for swinging movement on an axis at right angles to the support axis, a cutter head mounted on the outer extremity of. said arm for, rotation about the longitudinal axis 0! said arm, a cutter support pivotally mounted on said head on an axis at right angles to the axis of head rotation, and a cutter pivotally mounted on said cutter support to swing relative thereto about an axis at right angles to the cutter support axis.

18. In, a kert-cutting apparatus, a Y portable base, a support mounted on said base for rotation about a horizontal axis extending longitudinally of said base, an extensible arm pivotally mounted on said rotatable support on an axis at right angles to the support axis, said arm comprising telescopically arranged inner and outer arm portions, a pair of hydraulic cylinders mounted on the opposite sides of said inner arm portion and containing reciprocable pistons connected to said outer arm portion for extending said outer arm portion relative to said inner arm portion, and a cutter carried by said arm.

19. In a kerf-cutting apparatus, a portable base, a support mounted on said base for rotation about a horizontal axis extending longitudinally of said base, an extensible arm pivotally mounted on said rotatable support on an axis at right angles to the support axis, said arm comprising telescopically arranged inner and outer arm portions, a pair of hydraulic cylinders mounted on the opposite sides of said inner arm portion and containing reciprocable pistons connected to said outer arm portion for extending said outer arm portion relative to said inner arm portion, a cutter carried by said am, and means for swinging said arm about its pivot relative to said support comprising at least one hydraulic cylinder pivotally mounted on said support on an axis parallel to the arm pivot axis and containing a reciprocable piston pivotally connected to the inner arm portion.

20. In a kerf-cutting apparatus, a portable base, a horizontal turntable on said base, a support mounted on said turntable forrrotation about a horizontal axis at right angles to the axis of turntable rotation, a cutter supported by said rotatable support, a pair 01' hydraulic cylinders 1 turntable about their respective axes of rotation.

21. In a tunneling apparatus, a portable base, a head mounted on said base for rotation relative thereto about a horizontal axis extending longitudinally of said base, an arm extensible in length pivotally mounted on said head to swing relative thereto about an axis at right angles to the head axis, said am swingable about its pivotal axis relative to said head into a position wherein the longitudinal axis of the arm is at right angles to the head axis, a cutter support pivotally mounted on the outer extremity of said arm to swing relative thereto about an axis parallel with the arm pivot axis, a kerf cutter carried by said cutter support, said arm and cutter support swingable about their respective pivotal axes to move said cutter into parallel cutting positions at different distances with respect to the' axis of head rotation, means for-extending and retracting said am when thelatter is in said right angle positipn with respect to said head to move said kerf cutter from and toward the head axis, and means for rotating said head to move said cutter in a circular path in any of aforesaid adjusted positions of the cutter with respect to the head axis to out annular kerfs of different diameters.

, 22. In a tunneling apparatus, a portable base, a head mounted on said base for rotation about a horizontal axes extending longitudinally of said wherein the longitudinal axis of said boom strucrelative thereto about an axis parallel with the- .boom structure pivot axis, said cutter support being swingable-about its pivot relative to said boom structure to move said kerf cutter into cutting planes parallel with and at varying distances from the head axis when said boom structure is moved about its pivotal axis relative to said head, devices for swingingsaid boom structure and said cutter support about their respective pivotal axes, devices for extending and retracting said boom structure when the latter is in said right angle position with respect to said head to move said kerf cutter from and toward the head axis, and devices for rotating said head about its axis at a cutting'speed to move said Keri cutter in a circular path to cut an annular kerf concentric with the head axis in any adjusted position of said kerf cutter relative to the head axis. 4

23. In a tunneling apparatus, a portable base, a cutter, adjustable supporting means for said cutter mounted on said base to turn about a horizontal axis extending longitudinally of said base for adjusting and moving said cutter, while the latter extends longitudinally forwardly in parallelism with said horizontal axis with its forward end disposed a substantial distance in advance of the rear end of said base, to cut with a circular cutting motion concentric tunnel bores of difference diameters, said adjusting means comprising an adjustable head, a cutter supporting boom extensible in length swingably mounted on said head, said boom being swingable with respect to said head from a position extending in the same direction with the head axis to a position at right angles to the head axis, a cutter support mounted on the outer extremity of said boom to swing relative thereto about an axis parallel with the boom pivot axis, said support being swingable with respect to said boom from a position wherein the cutter extends lengthwise of said boom to a position wherein the cutter extends at right angles to said boom, and means for extending and retracting said boom when the latter is in said right angle position with respect to said head'for moving the cutter from and toward the head axis.

- 24. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination comprising a frame, a cutter, an adjustable supporting structure mounted on said frame for supporting-said cutter for adjustment about rectangularly related pivotal axes. and means for adjusting said supporting structure to eflect adjustment of said cutter selectively about said axes comprising fluid-actuated cylinder and piston devices mounted on said frame, and flexible connections operated by said cylinder and piston devices and operatively connected to said outter-supporting structure, .said cylinder and piston devices being common to the" adjustment of said cutter about both-oi said axes.

25. In an apparatus of the character described,

/ the combination comprising a frame, a cutter, an

adjustable supporting structure mounted on said frame for supporting said cutter for adjustment about rectangularly related pivotal axes one of which is on the horizontal, and means for adcommon to the adjustment of said cutter about both 01' said axes.

26. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination comprising a frame, a cutter,

an adjustable supporting structure mounted on said frame for supporting said cutter for adjustment about rectangularly related pivotal axes, means for adjusting said supporting structure to effect adjustment of said cutter selectively about said axes comprising fluid-actuated cylinder and piston devices mounted on said frame, flexible connections operated by said cylinder and piston I devices and operatively connected to said cuttersupporting structure, said cylinder and piston devices being common to the adustment of said cutter about both of said axes, and means for locking said cutte'r against adjustment about either one of said axes during adjustment of said cutter about the other axis.

2'7. In an apparatus of the character described,

the combination comprising a frame, a cutter, an adjustable supporting structure mounted on said frame for pivotally supporting said cutter for adjustment about rectangularly related pivotal axes, andmeans for adjusting said supporting structure to eifect adjustment of said cutter selecguiding members, said cylinder and piston devices being common to the adjustment of said cutter about both of said axes.

28. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination comprising a frame, a cutter, an adjustable supporting structure mounted on said frame for pivotallysupporting said cutter for ad-' justment-about rectarigularly related pivotal axes, said supporting structure comprising a support rotatable on a horizontal axis and a fcooperating support rotatable on an axis at right angles to said horizontal axis, means for adjusting said supports of said supporting structure to effect adjustment of said cutter selectively about said axes comprising a pair of parallel hydraulic cylinders mounted on said frame and containing reciproi'able pistons having rearwardly extending piston rods, guide sheaves carried by the rear ends of said piston rods, guide sheaves on said frame and on one of said supports of said supporting structure, cable guiding members coaxial withsaid pivots andhaving cable guiding grooves anda pairof cables each secured at oneend to I said frame and at their other ends operatively connected to said one of said supports and guided by said guide sheaves and said cable guiding members, and means for locking either one of,

said supports against pivotal movement about itsv pivot during pivotal movement of said other support about its pivot. r

29. In a tunneling apparatus, a portable base,

an elongated kerf cutter, and means for support-- ing said kerf cutter and for moving the same orbitally to form an annular kerf of substantially uniform diameter from end to end and surrounding at least the receding end of said portable base, said means including a rotatable head mounted on said :base at the receding end of the latter for turning on an axis extending longitudinally of said base, said elongated kerf cutter extending. forwardly with respect to said base with its forward end in advance of the receding end of said base, supporting means for said kerf cutter intervening said rotatable head and said kerf cutter and operatively connected to said kerf cutter at the rearward end of the latter and including means for maintaining the kerf cutter during the formation of said annular kerf substantially parallel to said axis but spaced from it a distance exceeding the perpendicular distance to a line including said axis from the point in said portable base most remote from such line, and means for rotating said head'on said axis at a rate to move said kerf cutter about said axis at a cuttting'speed.

30. In a tunneling apparatus, a portable base, an elongated kerf cutter, and means forv supporting said kerf cutter and for moving the same orbitally' to form an annular kerf of substantially uniform diameter from end to end and surrounding at least the receding end of said portable base, said means including a rotatable head mounted on said base at the receding end of the latter forturning on an axis extending longitudinally of said base, said elongated kerf cutter extending forwardly with respect to said base with its forward end in advance of the receding end of said base, supporting means for said kerf cutter intervening said rotatable head and said kerf 'cuttter and operatively connected to said kerf cuttter at the rearward end of the latter and including a cutter supporting boom 'pivotally connected to said rotatable head and an adjustable pivotal support for said kerf cutter on said boom for maintaining the kerf cutter during the formation of said annular kerf substantially parallel to said axis but spaced from it a distance exceeding the perpendicular distance to a line including said axis from the point in said portable base most remote from such line, and means for rotating said head on said axis at a rate to move saidkerf cuttter about said axis at'a cutting speed.

, 31. In a tunneling apparatus, a portable base, an elongated kerf cutter, and means for supponting said kerf cutter and for moving the same orbitally to form an annular kerf of substantially uniform diameter from end to end and surrounding at least th'e receding end of said portable base, said means including arotatable head mounted on said base at the receding end of the latter for turning on an axis "extending longitudinally of said base, said elongated kerf cutter extending forwardly with respect to said base with its forward end in advance of the receding end of said base, supporting and adjusting means'for said kerf cutter interveningv said rotatable head and said kerf cutterand operatively connected to said kerf cutter at the rearward end of the latter and including means for maintaining the kerf cutter during the formation of said annular kerf substantiallyparallel to said axis but spaced from it a distance exceeding the perpendicular distance to a line including said axis from the point in said portable base most remote from such line, said supporting and adjusting means including 'a cutter supporting boom swingably mounted on said head, means for adjustably pivotally connecting said boom, to said head for swinging movement between positions extending in the .same direction as said head axis and at right angles to said head axis, and means for adjustably connecting said cutter to the outer end of the boom on an axis parallel totheboompivotaxis.

' 32. In a tunneling apparatus, a portablebase, an elongated kerf cutter, and means for supporting said kerf cutter and for moving the same orbitally to form an annular kerf of substan- 

